1043 (Sugnens) - Properties for sale

Majestic character house with 10 rooms in Moudon

Discover this beautiful old house full of charm, ideally located in the heart of Moudon, at the prestigious address of Rue du Château 15. With its 295 m² of living space spread over several floors, this exceptional property will seduce lovers of traditional architecture and spacious rooms.Dominating the old town of Moudon, the Maison des États de Vaud is a bourgeois house with late Gothic arcades dating from the 13th century.Steeped in history and linked to the Savoyard heritage of the region, this rare property benefits from an exceptional situation with a panoramic view of the Broye valley, the river, and the Alps.Completely renovated between 2007 and 2025, the house was reunified into a single dwelling after having been historically divided into three separate apartments. The work was carried out with constant respect for the architectural and cultural character of the place.The property develops approximately 295 m² of living space over 6 levels and includes: • 10 rooms, including 7 living rooms • 4 bedrooms • 2 bathrooms • Converted attic with mezzanine • Outdoor spaces on several levels • Garden, wooden terrace, and small wooded area • 2 fireplaces and a wood-fired oven • Gas heating The house combines historical authenticity and modern comfort in a rare balance.This property is aimed at buyers who are sensitive to heritage, architecture, and character homes.Built in stone, this building with a noble appearance boasts magnificent wooden balconies, shutters, and arched windows, testifying to a rich architectural heritage. Available immediately, it is ideal for a family looking to settle in a quiet and green environment.The highlights of this house: • 10 spacious rooms offering many possibilities for layout • Cozy living room with parquet, fireplace, leather sofa, and careful decoration • Modern bathroom with large bathtub and tiled walls • Wooden balcony leading to a lush garden with flowering shrubs • Beautiful view from the property • Fireplace for cozy winter evenings • Suitable for families with children Sunlight and tranquility:The house benefits from beautiful sunlight in summer and remains bright in winter. The environment is quiet and peaceful, both day and night, guaranteeing an exceptional quality of life.Location and amenities: • Moudon train station just 8 minutes on foot • Moudon bus stop just 6 minutes on foot • Denner supermarket just 10 minutes on foot • Sincopharm SA pharmacy just 5 minutes on foot • School just 7 minutes on foot This exceptional property combines the charm of the old with modern comfort in a green and serene environment. A rare opportunity not to be missed to acquire a prestigious property in the beautiful town of Moudon, in the heart of the Vaud canton.

Modern 4.5-room apartment in Thierrens – Minergie certified

Discover this new 4.5-room apartment on the ground floor of a modern residence in Thierrens (1410), in the canton of Vaud. Built in 2019 and Minergie certified, this apartment combines comfort, energy efficiency, and quality of life.The residence consists of three contemporary buildings with solar panels, surrounded by well-maintained green spaces and a paved alley, offering a pleasant and environmentally friendly living environment.The highlights of this apartment: • Generous living area: 107 m² designed for the comfort of everyday life. • Balcony with beautiful views: Enjoy a private outdoor space and a view of the Jura and the Alps. • Complete accessibility: Apartment accessible by wheelchair, with elevator. • Garage included: A parking space in the garage for your vehicle. • Quiet environment: A peaceful setting, ideal for relaxation. • Family-friendly: An accommodation designed to accommodate children in the best possible conditions. • Minergie A+ certification: Guarantee of an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction. Ideal situation: The apartment benefits from generous sunlight in the summer. All daily amenities are within reach: Migros and Coop are 1 minute walk away, the Collège de Thierrens is only 3 minutes walk away, and the Thierrens bus stop is 1 minute away, ensuring excellent public transport connections.Whether you are a family, a couple, or a person with reduced mobility, this modern and well-located apartment represents a rare opportunity in the region. Don't miss this chance to settle into an exceptional living environment in the heart of the canton of Vaud.

3.5 room apartment with attic space

Large 3.5 room apartment with attic spaceIn building B5, this large 3.5 room apartment has a living area of approximately 76.5 m2 and a beautiful usable area in the attic of 69 m2.The distribution is as follows:An entrance halla bathroom with space for washing machine/dryerAn open kitchen to a large living roomA parental bedroom with a bathroomA 10 m² office69 m² atticA 23 m² terraceParking:1 indoor parking space, price extra CHF 30,000.-/space.Building B5 represents 13 apartments, from studio to 4.5 rooms.The brand new "Le Perron" neighborhood consists of 6 buildings. The ensemble represents 76 apartments from studio to 4.5 rooms, as well as 3 commercial spaces on the ground floor of building B6.The 2 or 3 story buildings are integrated into a very nice landscape plan that gives a large place to greenery and relaxation areas.The heart of the neighborhood is entirely pedestrian, offering residents and businesses a safe and serene space nearby.This absence of traffic is a huge advantage for the safety of children who can also have fun on the 3 playgrounds that occupy an area of over 700 m2.Residents and their visitors have access to an underground parking garage with 85 spaces on the lower level, which allows direct access to the different buildings. Outdoor parking spaces are also available for customers of the neighborhood shops.Amenities:Museums, exhibitions, various craft markets, an intense association life as well as a rich and varied cultural programming animate the city throughout the seasons.Paradise for hikers, ideal for outdoor sports and family leisure activities, the Moudon region offers a wide range of activities.Le Perron is close to all amenities, you will also find a primary school and a secondary school as well as large retail chains (Migros, Coop, Lidl, etc.) to provide all the necessary comfort to the residents of the new neighborhood.

Charming 5.5 Room House in Villars-Tiercelin

This charming historic property with 5.5 rooms, formerly a farm from the early 20th century, has been entirely renovated between 2016 and 2025, with particular care given to the quality of materials and the preservation of its authentic character. Rare and unique, this property combines charm, character, and functionality in a bucolic and peaceful setting, ideal for a family seeking space, nature, and authenticity, while remaining close to Lausanne. With approximately 194 m² of living space spread over two levels, it harmoniously combines authenticity and modern comfort.The property has also benefited from a complete renovation over the past few years. The roof, facade, technical installations, heating, windows, floors, sanitary facilities, and equipment have been completely renewed, offering a rare level of modern comfort for a building of this character. The detailed list of work can be found at the bottom of the page.Upon entering, generous volumes and a warm atmosphere are revealed. The ground floor, heated by underfloor heating and equipped with a stove, offers a large open living space opening onto the kitchen, complemented by a large adjacent living room. The fully renovated kitchen features a central, modular island on wheels, offering great flexibility in layout. This level also includes a large adjacent room, a contemporary bathroom, and direct access to the laundry room, which opens onto the garden-side balcony.On the upper floor, two spacious and bright bedrooms, one with a mezzanine, and a second living room with a stove, benefit from abundant natural light thanks to the numerous openings and skylights. The latter has retained all its authentic charm. The bathroom, equipped with a jacuzzi bathtub, is ingeniously connected to the laundry room on the ground floor, offering additional daily comfort.Outside, the 976 m² garden surrounds the house and features a convivial balcony, carefully maintained green spaces, and a barbecue area. The independent annex adjacent to the house, equipped with radiators, can be used to expand the main accommodation, as a professional space, or as a studio for guests. It also includes a cellar with a fireplace, a non-heated multipurpose room, and a stable. The garage and three outdoor parking spaces complete the practical comfort of daily life.Renovation and significant investments2016 - 2025:- Roof completely redone (frame, insulation, tiles, skylights, metal cladding) with photovoltaic panels.- Facade renovated and insulated.- Electricity and underfloor heating completely renewed.- New gas heating and solar water heater.- Windows and sanitary facilities completely renewed (pipes + fixtures).- New flooring: tiles in the bathrooms, parquet in the living areas.- New fireplaces (living room and cellar).- Kitchen installed in 2018.- System for collecting rainwater for toilet, washing machine, and irrigation.- Exterior work: retaining wall and new facade between cellar and garage.

Rare: 2 houses with solar + heat pump · pool · 5 minutes from Yverdon

🏡 TWO INDEPENDENT HOUSES · GARDEN WITH POOL · 5 MINUTES FROM YVERDON A rare property: two separate houses on the same plot of land with a tree-lined garden and pool, in the calm of a Vaud village, five minutes from Yverdon-les-Bains. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ✅ COMPLETE RENOVATION 2020 — NO WORK TO BE FORESEEN ▸ Heat pump installed in 2020 ▸ Photovoltaic panels (9 panels) installed in 2020 ▸ Heating by radiators ▸ Wood stove in each house ▸ Healthy buildings, excellent maintenance ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🏠 MAIN HOUSE — 6.5 ROOMS · 124 M² Ground floor: open kitchen, dining room, living room, 1 bedroom, WC-bathroom First floor: 4 bedrooms, dressing room, shower-WC Basement: technical room and laundry 🏠 HOUSE 2 — 2.5 ROOMS · 60 M² · COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT Separate entrance · kitchen · dining room · living room · shower-WC First floor: bedroom and WC-bathroom ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 💰 THE FINANCIAL ADVANTAGE — A RARE OPPORTUNITY House 2 is rented for about 1,600 CHF/month, which is about 20,000 CHF/year. ▸ WITHOUT rental: required gross income ~ 220,000 CHF/year ▸ WITH rental of House 2: required gross income ~ 175,000 CHF/year ⭐ (Calculation based on the bank standard: 33% of gross income for housing costs, including theoretical interest 5%, repayment 1%, maintenance 1% of the value.) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ⭐ THREE POSSIBLE USES FOR HOUSE 2 1️⃣ ACCOMMODATE — extended family, guests, parents, independent teenagers 2️⃣ RENT — 1,600 CHF/month, ~20,000 CHF/year income 3️⃣ WORK — office, workshop, cabinet, studio (separate entrance + kitchen) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🏊 EXTERIORS ▸ 2 individual terraces with south-facing orientation ☀️ FULL SOUTH (one of which is covered) ▸ 🏊 POOL — metal pool, stone surround, paving ▸ 🌳 Tree-lined garden, vine and fountain ▸ 🔥 Outdoor fireplace, closed on three sides ▸ 🅿️ Workshop-storage and several parking spaces ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 📍 IDEAL LOCATION Gressy, a quiet and green village, administratively connected to Yverdon-les-Bains. 🚗 Yverdon (schools, shops, station): 5 MINUTES by car (~4 km) 🛣️ Highway entrance A1: in a few minutes → Lausanne directly accessible 🚌 Regular post buses to Yverdon ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 📐 SURFACES & LAND ▸ Total living area: 184 m² ▸ Volume: 885 m³ ▸ Land area: 565 m² ▸ Type of construction: traditional ▸ Last major renovation: 2020 ▸ CECB updated — will be communicated as soon as it is available

Detached house in Epautheyres

Between Lausanne and Yverdon, a rare opportunity.This beautiful property is located in a peaceful and sought-after neighborhood of the Epautheyres municipality, offering its residents an atmosphere of serenity.The villa stands out for its undeniable charm, its large spaces, and its brightness.With 5 spacious bedrooms, including a parental suite with dressing room and new shower, a large, fully-equipped kitchen with a granite countertop, a vast living room of around 40 m2 with a fireplace for unforgettable moments, a dining room, a beautiful bathroom, a separate toilet, this house is perfect for a large family or people seeking comfort and space.The large, beautifully and richly landscaped garden includes a beautiful pool and numerous terraces.The basement has plenty of storage space, and on the upper floor, there is a room known as the "Galetas".The 1225 m2 plot, located in a villa district with an open view and adjacent, non-buildable agricultural land, offers an enchanting setting and breathtaking sunsets.The villa also benefits from a garage and multiple outdoor parking spaces.The highway entrance is less than 5 minutes away. You can reach the city center of Yverdon-les-Bains in 7 minutes, Lausanne in 20 minutes, or Geneva airport in 45 minutes.Agents, please refrain.

Apartment in Chavornay

Selling price : 515'000 CHF (including: 1 outdoor parking space)Location : Chavornay (Prized and quiet neighborhood of La Crause)Availability : Available immediatelyCondominium fees (PPE) : Exceptionally low (233 CHF / month)Property description :Located in a peaceful residential area of Chavornay, this beautiful 2.5-room apartment on the ground floor offers a modern and warm living space. Recently built, this property is in impeccable condition. No renovation work is required: you can simply put down your bags!Very bright thanks to its large windows, it has a living area of approximately 49 m², extended by a splendid 18 m² terrace and a well-kept garden, perfect for enjoying the beautiful days in complete tranquility.Space distribution :Living space : A light-filled living room with a modern floor and direct access to the terrace.Kitchen : A superb open kitchen, high-end and fully equipped (high oven, elegant workspace, numerous storage spaces, large refrigerator) with appliances from the Zug brand.Sleeping area : A bright bedroom with a warm, wood-imitation flooring.Sanitary facilities : A contemporary bathroom with a large, glazed Italian shower and a private washing/drying column already installed (from the Zug brand).Annexes and amenities : • 1 terrace of 18 m² nicely arranged with access to the garden • 1 outdoor parking space (included in the price) • 1 large private cellar • Floor heating for optimal comfort Financial and strategic advantages :Very low PPE costs : Barely 233 CHF per month, a real advantage for your monthly budget!Ideal location : Chavornay offers an excellent compromise between village tranquility and immediate proximity to major roads and the train station (2 minutes by car and 10 minutes on foot).Ideal for a first purchase or a long-term investment.Do not hesitate to come and visit! Contact us today to organize a visit.

Authentic Vaud farm from 1828, in Épautheyres, in the Gros-de-Vaud

For more information and photos, please visit:www.ferme-epautheyres.chSale by the owners directly. We thank real estate professionals for not applying for a mandate.

Detached house 5 rooms in Suchy

This magnificent village house built at the beginning of the 18th century is located in the center of the town in a very calm environment.Benefiting from a very comfortable living space of approx. 195 m2, it is distributed over 2 living levels with on the ground floor the kitchen, dining room, 3 large bedrooms, shower rooms and in the attic a magnificent living room open to the roof, an office and a large attic.In addition, this property offers a complete space on the lower ground floor of approx. 120 m2 additional with a garage, a room/cellar (approx. 34 m2), an old bread oven, a large workshop and various technical rooms.The plot is beautifully decorated with pretty terraces and stone walls, many trees and various species bringing a unique charm to this exterior. The sunshine is optimal thanks to its southern orientation.This property is ideal for lovers of stone and charming properties. Technical data Additional information: • This property is part of a PPE of 4 lots which includes a project of 3 adjoining villas. • property classified as a historic monument: rating "3" • CECB: grades ?G? and ?F? • oil heating (with integrated hot water production) - radiators (2000 boiler) - 7000 l tank • Wooden windows, double glazing • Aluminum and wood shutters The distribution of the house is as follows:Lower ground floor • A bread oven • A cellar with direct access to the outside • An independent workshop • A technical room/boiler room • A garage for one car Upper ground floor • A large hall with an old fireplace serving as a smoking room • A semi-fitted kitchen with a dining room • Three large bedrooms • A toilet/shower • A toilet • A bathroom • A laundry area Attic • A large living room open to the roof • A large office • An attic used as a DIY workshop Outside • A beautiful vegetable garden with a shelter • A large terrace to the South-East • A large orchard with natural meadow • An outdoor parking space

Beautiful Semi-Detached Villa - Suchy

Beautiful semi-detached villa with 5.5 roomsThis beautiful semi-detached villa with 5.5 rooms (approx. 150m2 living space) seduces with its situation and privileged living environment, calm and on the edge of an agricultural area. It is fully excavated and offers numerous storage spaces in the basement.Thanks to its southwest orientation, it benefits from optimal sunlight throughout the day, bringing brightness and comfort to each room.The property offers an unobstructed view of the surrounding countryside. It is located in direct proximity to amenities. Chavornay, Orbe, and Yverdon-les-Bains are less than 10 minutes away.Its "communal" pool, beautiful paved outdoor space, and a covered terrace connecting the two houses are additional assets.A covered parking space for 2 vehicles and several outdoor parking spaces complete this property.This house is perfectly maintained, ready to welcome its future occupants...Additional information: • Prefabricated concrete construction • Mechanical tiles • Geothermal heat pump • Double glazing, wood-metal • Cold attic, partially developed with a room • Total excavation Common part for the 2 properties: • Pool (120 m3) with cover and terrace, depth of 1.2 to 2.2m • Automatic wire mower • Covered veranda between the two houses.

Suchy - Magnificent semi-detached villa with 5.5 rooms

Magnificent semi-detached villa with 5.5 roomsThis magnificent semi-detached villa with 5.5 rooms (approx. 140m² habitable) seduces with its situation and privileged living environment, calm and on the edge of an agricultural area.Thanks to its South-West orientation, it benefits from optimal sunlight throughout the day, bringing light and comfort to each room.The property offers an unobstructed view of the surrounding countryside. It is located in direct proximity to amenities. Chavornay, Orbe, and Yverdon-les-Bains are less than 10 minutes away.Its "communal" pool, its beautiful paved outdoor space, and a covered terrace connecting the two houses are additional assets.A garage/box and several outdoor parking spaces complete this property.This house is perfectly maintained, ready to welcome its future occupants...Additional information: • Prefabricated concrete construction • Oil (23 kW) + burner replaced in 2004 • Mechanical tiles • Possibility of creating a studio in the annex • Double glazing, wood-metal • Cold attic, insulated with glass wool, can be used as an additional room • Garage-box • OIBT: 2019 Common area for the 2 properties: • Pool (120 m3) with cover and terrace, depth of 1.2 to 2.2 m • Automatic wire mower • Covered veranda between the two houses.

Large Minergie villa with 7 rooms, high-end features, swimming pool

Following the success of phase 1, we are launching the Viane 2 project with two large Minergie-labelled villas located between two tree-lined communal paths. This new residential area of villas, situated on Chemin de la Viane, will welcome a population seeking modern infrastructure close to the city.Villa A: CHF 2'155'000.- including veranda, garage box, and outdoor parking spaces; the swimming pool, jacuzzi, and pergola are optional. Virtual 360-degree video visit of the villa: https://votrecourtier.ch/viane2/Villa B (south-east) has been sold.Prioritizing high-end features with good finishes and built with quality materials, these two villas will seduce you with the generosity of their spaces and volumes. Labelled Minergie, they will offer the maximum of modern comfort at very reduced energy and maintenance costs.The large veranda will extend your dining room and be adjacent to the living room with a fireplace. On the first floor, 3 bedrooms including 1 master room with dressing room and private shower room. A bathroom is planned giving access to the two children's rooms. On the top floor, 2 large rooms and a bathroom can serve as an office, living room, or small suite for guests. The semi-detached villas being totally independent of each other, each benefits from its own heating system and counters. A large room in the basement can be nicely arranged as a home cinema, fitness room, or second living room. An opening with a sliding window will allow access to a light well with a cover letting natural light into the room.Each future owner will be able to personalize their house thanks to a wide choice of materials (kitchens, bathrooms, parquet, tiling, etc.). Appointments can be proposed after a firm reservation to determine your wishes.Generous outdoor spaces, carefully maintained and tree-lined, will offer you maximum privacy. To guarantee your independence, no shared spaces are planned. Each villa is truly independent. A garage box and an uncovered parking space are included in the price, with the possibility of numerous outdoor parking spaces that will facilitate the visit of your loved ones.The commune of Mont-sur-Lausanne is very well connected to the large agglomerations and has all the urban infrastructures such as a wide range of shops, school centers, private schools, public transport, nursing homes, as well as many socio-cultural activities nearby. The schools in Mont-sur-Lausanne cover the entire curriculum from kindergarten to the end of secondary school (Harmos 1H to 11H):Link: https://www.lemontsurlausanne.ch/vivre-au-mont/ecolesFor all information about the commune of Mont-sur-Lausanne and its infrastructures: https://www.lemontsurlausanne.ch/accueil Tax rate of 73.5%

SMALL HOUSE TO RENOVATE, ON THE EDGE OF AN AGRICULTURAL AREA

SMALL HOUSE TO RENOVATE, ON THE EDGE OF AN AGRICULTURAL AREA MORE PHOTOS AND PLANS ON WWW.CURTET-IMMOBILIER.CHThe municipality of Montanaire includes several municipalities, including that of Chapelle-sur-Moudon, since January 1, 2013. It is located just 10 km from Echallens and 19 km from Yverdon-les-Bains. An ideal setting if you choose to live in the countryside!This small house would be perfect for a couple, built in 1963 on a plot of 960 m2 on the edge of an agricultural area with an unobstructed view of the fields.This individual villa is bright and ideal. It has a large, tree-lined garden, fully fenced, with a southeast-facing balcony overlooking the fields. The house needs to be renovated, but can be simply inhabited.The house is fully excavated. A garage in the basement of the house and an outdoor parking space in a row complete this property.Contact Julien Facchinetti for more information. 024 466 21 00.

EXCLUSIVE: A 230 m2 gem located 15 minutes from Epalinges, combining luxury, calm, and space.

This apartment, built in a renovated old farmhouse, has the advantage of a preserved building quality thanks to regular maintenance of the building. This house, converted into several apartments, belongs to a family that is still the owner of several units.The apartment we have for sale has an area of 230 m². It is designed with a high-level finish, an uncommon taste, and high-quality materials.The couple who designed this object has put their taste for beautiful things into it. Each room, each construction element, all the materials used are of high quality, including the private laundry room.We offer you a description of the rooms:At the entrance, you will find a dressing room on your left to store your belongings, such as coats, shoes, and empty pockets. Also on the left are a bathroom with a shower and a bedroom, as well as a private laundry room.A corridor leads you to an open kitchen and a terrace of about 27 m², adjacent to the living room with a fireplace. The kitchen is accompanied by a cellar of about 8 m², very useful for storing your groceries, your pantry, and your cleaning equipment. The cooking appliances and dishwasher are from the Gaggenau brand, considered the Rolls-Royce of kitchen equipment. There is also an American refrigerator from Liebherr with a wine cellar.From the living room, a staircase leads to the upper floor. A glass bridge leads to a mezzanine, easily convertible into two bedrooms according to your needs. On the other side, you have access to a spacious parental suite with a dressing room and a bathroom of 23 m², equipped with an Italian shower and a jacuzzi bathtub.This apartment is accompanied by two parking spaces: one outdoor and one indoor.From a qualitative point of view, it has triple-glazed windows, a parquet floor, and a kitchen estimated at CHF 70,000.-.If you are seduced by this apartment, we invite you to contact us quickly, either by email, by phone, or by sending us a message via the contact form.For information: • The tax rate is 74%, • The difference in premium for a health insurance fund is approximately CHF 600 per year for an adult compared to Lausanne

House with 5.5 rooms and significant potential for expansion

OPPORTUNITY - Village house with rural outbuildingMaillard Immobilier is pleased to present, exclusively, this beautiful property located in the calm countryside of Gros-de-Vaud.Built in 1880, this former farm has been entirely redesigned to meet current needs. The house has been insulated, a new heating system installed, and the layout of the living areas has been redesigned to be functional and spacious. It offers all the modern comforts while preserving its original soul. The generous volumes and harmonious layout give a warm and bright atmosphere.The house currently has 4 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms (one to be fitted out), a fitted kitchen, a spacious living and dining room extended by a balcony. The outbuildings are numerous; vaulted cellar, summer kitchen, annex, woodshed, and a large rural area (approximately 1,730 m³) offering the possibility of creating new dwellings and benefiting from rental income.Outside, a large garden on the edge of an agricultural area, a beautiful terrace, and several parking spaces ideally extend the living areas.Nestled in a calm and green environment, the property benefits from excellent sunlight thanks to its unobstructed view and south-facing orientation. A rare location where nature and comfort meet in perfect harmony.An exceptional opportunity, ideal for nature lovers looking for a new family home.Visit without delay! ROOM LAYOUTGROUND FLOOREntrance with storageLiving roomDining roomOpen, fully equipped kitchenShower, WC with washing machineBalcony1ST FLOORBedroom of 8 m²Bedroom of 11 m²Bedroom of 12 m²Bedroom of 16 m²Bathroom to be fitted out according to your wishes (connections completed) - budget of about 12,000.- to be plannedOUTBUILDINGSVaulted cellarSummer kitchen, closedAnnex with 2 rooms (unheated)Attic and rural area of approximately 1,730 m² to be fitted outOUTSIDEPleasant, partially covered terrace with pavingSpacious garden without vis-à-visSeveral parking spaces